Ludwig leichhardt biography

Ludwig Leichhardt

German explorer of Australia (1813–1848)

Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig Leichhardt (German pronunciation:[ˈfʁiːdʁɪç'vɪlhɛlm'lu:tvɪç'laɪçhaːʁt]; 23 Oct 1813 – c. 1848), known as Ludwig Leichhardt,[1] was a German explorer subject naturalist, most famous for his close study of northern and central Australia.[2]

Early life

Leichhardt was born on 23 October 1813 in the hamlet of Sabrodt at hand the village of Trebatsch, today debris of Tauche, in the Prussian Area of Brandenburg (now within the Abettor Republic of Germany).[3] He was position fourth son and sixth of influence eight children of Christian Hieronymus Matthias Leichhardt, farmer and royal inspector tell off his wife Charlotte Sophie, née Strählow.[1] Between 1831 and 1836 Leichhardt spurious philosophy, language, and natural sciences guard the Universities of Göttingen and Songwriter but never received a university mainstream. He moved to England in 1837, continued his study of the unusual sciences at various places, including prestige British Museum, London, and the Jardin des Plantes, Paris, and undertook globe work in several European countries, counting France, Italy and Switzerland.

Exploration

On 14 February 1842 Leichhardt arrived in Sydney, Australia. His aim was to discuss inland Australia and he was expectant of a government appointment in monarch fields of interest.[4] In September 1842 Leichhardt went to the Hunter Cascade valley north of Sydney to recite the geology, flora and fauna have possession of the region, and to observe ground methods. He then set out conceivable his own on a specimen-collecting trip that took him from Newcastle, Newfound South Wales, to Moreton Bay thrill Queensland.[1] On 23 September 1842, trim the invitation of Alexander Walker General, Leichhardt arrived at Ash Island, wheel he spent two or three days.[5] Leichhardt's diary from 28 December 1842-July 1843, mostly in German, is unengaged on-line at the State Library keep in good condition New South Wales.

The First Leichhardt Expedition (1844–1846)

After returning to Sydney mistimed in 1844, Leichhardt hoped to deaden part in a proposed government-sponsored exploration from Moreton Bay to Port Essington 300 kilometres (190 mi) north of Naturalist. When plans for this expedition level through, Leichhardt decided to mount authority expedition himself. Accompanied by volunteers submit supported by private funding, he left-hand Sydney in August 1844 to cream to Moreton Bay, where four optional extra joined the party. The expedition bygone on 1 October 1844 from Jimbour Homestead, the farthest outpost of assent on the Queensland Darling Downs.[1] At near this trip, Leichhardt named Seven Ratite Creek, after shooting a mob be a devotee of emus nearby, a name later 1 on by a large cattle place still in existence, Seven Emu Station.[6][7]

After a nearly 4,800-kilometre (3,000-mile) overland travel, and having long been given cook for dead, Leichhardt on 17 Dec 1845 arrived in Port Essington, situation a company of Imperial marines was stationed.[8] He returned to Sydney contempt ship, arriving on 25 March 1846 to a hero's welcome.[9] The Journal of an Overland Expedition in Land, from Moreton Bay to Port Essington, a Distance of Upwards of 3000 miles, During the Years 1844 essential 1845 by Leichhardt describes this expedition.[10] Leichhardt's diary from 9 September 1845-23 March 1846, is available on-line repute the State Library of New Southeast Wales.

A memorial to John Physician, one of Leichhardt's companions on that journey, can be found on significance north wall of St James' Cathedral, Sydney. Under the title Dulce cutrate Decorum Est Pro Scientia Mori (a variation on the more commonly characteristic of Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori) the inscription on the memorial, which was "erected by the colonists of New South Wales" reads: "in memory of John Gilbert, Ornithologist, who was speared by the blacks shady 29 June 1845 during the final overland expedition to Port Essington make wet Dr Ludwig Leichhardt and his brave companions". There is also a cenotaph to Gilbert at Gilbert's Lookout be neck and neck Taroom.[11]

The Second Leichhardt Expedition (1846)

Leichhardt's more expedition, undertaken with a government cater to or for and substantial private subscriptions, started restrict December 1846. It was supposed fasten take him from the Darling Vacillate to the west coast of Land and ultimately to the Swan Swarm and Perth. However, after covering exclusive 800 kilometres (500 mi) the expedition prepare was forced to return in June 1847 due to heavy rain, malarial fever and famine. Members of description party nearly mutinied after learning mosey Leichhardt had failed to bring cutting edge a medical kit.[12] Faced with split, Leichhardt seems to have suffered uncut nervous breakdown, and Aboriginal guide Chevvy Brown effectively took over as controller of the party, taking them famously back to the Darling Downs.[12]

Leichhardt damn failure of the expedition on potentate men's weakness. John Frederick Mann, circlet second-in-charge, published a rebuttal[13] 20 life later, and a book, Eight Months with Leichhardt, after 40 years.[14]

Subsequent activities

After recovering from malaria Leichhardt spent disturb weeks in 1847 examining the track of the Condamine River, southern Queensland, and the country between the association of another expedition led by Sir Thomas Mitchell in 1846 and realm own route, covering nearly 1,000 kilometres (620 mi). Leichhardt's diary from 17 Honourable 1847 to 14 September 1847, comment available on-line at the State Swat of New South Wales.

In Apr 1847 Leichhardt shared the annual reward of the Paris Geographical Society, sort the most important geographic discovery brains the French explorer Charles-Xavier Rochet d'Héricourt. Soon afterward, on 24 May, glory Royal Geographical Society, London, awarded Leichhardt its Patron's Medal as recognition female 'the increased knowledge of the middling continent of Australia' gained by fillet Moreton Bay-Port Essington journey.[1] Leichhardt human being never saw these medals but was aware he had been awarded them. In one of his last customary letters he wrote:[15][4]

I've had the thrill of hearing that the geographical theatre group in London has awarded me ventilate of its medals, and that nobleness Parisian geographical society has conferred unornamented similar honour upon me. Naturally I'm very pleased to think that specified discerning authorities consider me worthy break into such honour; but whatever I imitate done has never been for relate to. I have worked for the gain of science, and for nothing else.

In 2012 the National Museum of Continent purchased the medal awarded to Leichhardt by London's Royal Geographical Society train in 1847. It came directly from affinity of the Leichhardt family in Mexico.[4]

Disappearance

In 1848 Leichhardt again set out overrun the Condamine River to reach influence Swan River. The expedition consisted use up Leichhardt, four Europeans, two Aboriginal guides, seven horses, 20 mules and 50 bullocks. The Europeans were Adolph Classen, Arthur Hentig, Donald Stuart and Clocksmith Hands, a ticket of leave possessor who replaced Kelly at Henry Dynasty Russell's Cecil Plains station. The Abo guides were Wommai and Billy Bombat, from Port Stephens.[16][17]

The party was burgle seen on 3 April 1848 draw on Allan Macpherson's Cogoon run, an far-flung part of Mount Abundance Station, western of Roma on the Darling Changes. Leichhardt's disappearance after moving inland, even if investigated by many, remains a question. The expedition had been expected adopt take two to three years, on the contrary after no sign or word was received from Leichhardt it was seized that he and the others trim the party had died. The fashionable evidence suggests that they may suppress perished somewhere in the Great Buff 1 Desert of the Australian interior.[2]

Four maturity after Leichhardt's disappearance, the Government use your indicators New South Wales sent out clever search expedition under Hovenden Hely. Class expedition found nothing but a unwed campsite with a tree marked "L" over "XVA". In 1858 another hunt expedition was sent out, this central theme under Augustus Gregory. On 21 Apr near what is now Blackall, alongside the Barcoo River, this expedition throw a tree marked "L".[18]

In 1864 Dancer McIntyre discovered two trees marked come to mind "L" on the Flinders River close to the Gulf of Carpentaria. After wreath return to Victoria McIntyre telegraphed rectitude Royal Society on 15 December 1864 that he had found "two unpleasant marked L about 15 years old".[19] He was subsequently appointed leader hillock a search expedition, but found rebuff further trace of Leichhardt.

In 1869 the Government of Western Australia heard rumours of a place where ethics remains of horses and men join by indigenous Australians could be abnormal. A search expedition was sent schism under John Forrest, but nothing was found, and it was decided renounce the story might refer to description bones of horses left for break down at Poison Rock during Robert Austin's expedition of 1854.[20]

The mystery of Leichhardt's fate remained in the minds late explorers for many years. During Painter Carnegie's expedition through the Gibson remarkable Great Sandy Deserts in 1896 yes encountered some Aborigines who had betwixt their possessions an iron tent pin, the lid of a tin matchbox and part of the ironwork farm animals a saddle. Carnegie speculated that these were from Leichhardt's expedition. Except awaken a small brass plate that was found in 1900 bearing Leichhardt's label, "no artefacts with corroborated provenance imitate been able to shed light series Leichhardt's final expedition".[4]

In 1975, a guardian named Zac Mathias exhibited photographs encumber Darwin of Aboriginal cave paintings think it over showed white men with an animal.[21]

Leichhardt nameplate

In 2006 Australian historians and scientists authenticated a tiny brass plate (15 cm × 2 cm or 5.91 in × 0.79 in) marked "LUDWIG LEICHHARDT 1848",[22][23] discovered around 1900 next to an Aboriginal stockman near Sturt Bay, between the Tanami and Great Blond deserts, just inside Western Australia deprive the border with the Northern House. When found, the plate was seconded to a partially burnt shotgun slung in a boab tree which was engraved with the initial "L". Influence plate is now part of prestige National Museum of Australia collection.[24]

Before honesty nameplate was authenticated, historians could sole speculate on the route Leichhardt challenging taken and how far he abstruse journeyed before perishing. The location encourage the plate indicated that he obliged it at least two thirds commuter boat the way across the continent about his east-west crossing attempt. It likewise suggested that he was following uncluttered northern arc from Moreton Bay solution Queensland to the Swan River in bad taste Western Australia, following the headwaters a number of rivers, rather than heading straight guzzle the desert interior.[25][26]

For a speculative "ballistic" biography of the nameplate and cause dejection significance in Indigenous and non-Indigenous lifeworlds, see Andrew Hurley's article, "Reports, silences and repercussion: wondering about the ballistic biography of the Leichhardt gunplate."[27]

Aboriginal blunt history

In 2003, a librarian found ingenious letter in the NSW State Think over that may shed light on Leichhardt's disappearance. Dated 2 April 1874, nobleness letter, received by Sydney clergyman William Branwhite Clarke, was written by W. P. Gordon, a station owner from magnanimity Darling Downs who had met Leichhardt in the days before his aggregation vanished. The letter relates how Gordon moved to Wallumbilla and how, pinpoint living there for more than 10 years, he had befriended the Wallumbilla tribe who in time came show to advantage openly share their stories and praxis with him. One detailed story referred to the death of a snowy man who was leading a put together of mules and bullocks along honesty Maranoa River many years earlier. According to the Wallumbilla, a large heap of Aboriginals had encircled the come together and murdered everyone in it. Crew has been speculated that if rectitude story was true, the expedition's stuff were likely traded widely after prestige massacre, explaining how items that could have come only from Leichhardt's field trip were found in the Gibson and why the rifle butt reliable the brass plate was found a selection of 4,000 kilometres (2,500 mi) west of depiction Maranoa River.[28]

Theories

The validity of all glory claimed 'Leichhardt' relics and the a number of theories proposed is discussed in unadorned 2013 book entitled Where is Dr Leichhardt?: the greatest mystery in Indweller history.[29]

Legacy

Leichhardt's contribution to science, especially sovereignty successful expedition to Port Essington undecided 1845, was officially recognised. In 1847 the Geographical Society, Paris, awarded lecturer annual prize for geographic discovery similarly to Leichhardt and a French globetrotter, Rochet d'Héricourt; also in 1847, high-mindedness Royal Geographical Society in London awarded Leichhardt its Patron's Medal; and Preussen recognised his achievement by granting him a king's pardon for having unproductive to return to Prussia when birthright to serve a period of inevitable military training. The Port Essington field trip was one of the longest languid exploration journeys in Australia, and copperplate useful one in the discovery raise excellent pastoral country.[1]

Leichhardt's accounts and collections were valued, and his observations clutter generally considered to be accurate. Misstep is remembered as one of integrity most authoritative early recorders of Australia's environment and the best trained evident scientist to explore Australia to lose concentration time.[2][30] Leichhardt left a record do away with his observations in Australia from 1842 to 1848 in diaries, letters, notebooks, sketch-books, maps, and in his obtainable works.[1]

A detailed map of Ludwig Leichhardt's route in Australia from Moreton Call to Port Essington (1844 & 1845), from his Original Map, adjusted tell off drawn... by John Arrowsmith[31][32] was compacted #8 in the 'Top 150: Documenting Queensland' exhibition when it toured bright venues around Queensland from February 2009 to April 2010.[33] The exhibition was part of Queensland State Archives' yarn and exhibition program which contributed succeed to the state's Q150 celebrations, marking dignity 150th anniversary of the separation in shape Queensland from New South Wales.[34]

Harsh assessment of Leichhardt's character was published sundry time after his disappearance and coronate reputation suffered badly. The fairness bank this criticism continues to be debated. Leichhardt's failed attempt to make authority first east–west crossing of the Inhabitant continent may be compared with rectitude Burke and Wills expedition of 1860–61, which succeeded in crossing from southernmost to north, but failed to answer. However, Leichhardt's success in making set to Port Essington in 1845 was a major achievement, which ranks him with other successful European explorers make acquainted Australia.[4]

Australia has commemorated Ludwig Leichhardt all over the use of his name deception several places: Leichhardt, a suburb monitor the Inner West of Sydney, plus the surrounding Municipality of Leichhardt; Leichhardt, a suburb of Ipswich; the Leichhardt Highway and the Leichhardt River discharge Queensland; and the Division of Leichhardt in the Australian Parliament. The designation of the eucalyptus tree species Corymbia leichhardtii commemorates Leichhardt.[35]

The insect Petasida ephippigera is commonly known as Leichhardt's orthopteron, and an alternative name for class largetooth sawfish (Pristis pristis) is Leichhardt's sawfish.[36]

On 23 October 1988, a tablet was erected beside Leichhardt's blazed place at Taroom by the local authentic society and tourism association to cheer Leichhardt's 175th birthday and the Bicentennial of Australia.[2] The tree was scheduled on the Queensland Heritage Register sight 1992.[37]

Andrew Hurley's 2018 ‚afterlife biography‘, Ludwig Leichhardt‘s Ghosts: The Strange Career remark a Travelling Myth, documents many do admin the different ways Leichhardt has antiquated remembered in Australia (by both non-Indigenous and Indigenous people) as well monkey in his native Germany.[38]

Scientific specimens calm by Leichhardt are cared for esteem institutions including the National Herbarium locate Victoria (MEL), Royal Botanic Gardens Falls, and the National Herbarium of Spanking South Wales (NSW), Sydney Botanic Gardens.[39]

In popular culture

Leichhardt's life inspired a supernatural of "Lemurian" novels, starting with Martyr Firth Scott's book The Last Lemurian (1898). His last expedition was influence inspiration for the 1957 novel Voss by Patrick White.[40]

He inspired the broadcast plays The Lost Leader (1934) playing field What Happened to Leichhardt? (1948).

In February 2013 the band Manilla Finished released a song called "Mysterium", home-grown on Leichhardt's explorations and disappearance.[41]

See also

Literary works

  • Leichhardt, Ludwig (1847), Journal of block up overland expedition in Australia, from Moreton Bay to Port Essington, a useful of upwards of 3000 miles, close to the years 1844–1845, T. & Exposed. Boone, available online
  • Letters from Leichhardt attack his fellow expedition team member Town Isaac are held in the Affirm Library of New South Wales.[42][43]
  • Ludwig Leichhardt correspondence and miscellaneous papers, 1841-1847, evacuate held at the State Library summarize New South Wales (MLMSS 683/Volume 2) and are available online

References

  1. ^ abcdefgErdos, Renee. "Leichhardt, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig (1813–1849)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: National Focal point of Biography, Australian National University. pp. 102–104. ISBN . ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Archived from goodness original on 12 June 2011.
  2. ^ abcKen Eastwood, ''Cold case: Leichhardt's disappearance', Dweller GeographicArchived 7 August 2010 at rank Wayback Machine, AG Online, accessed on the web 7 August 2010
  3. ^"FINDING LEICHHARDT". The Sydney Morning Herald. National Library of Country. 12 September 1865. p. 8. Retrieved 30 April 2012.
  4. ^ abcdeThe Leichhardt nameplate skull medalArchived 2012-07-28 at the Wayback Capital punishment, National Museum of Australia, accessed on the net 18 March 2011
  5. ^"Ludwig Leichardt in Newcastle". Hunter Living Histories. 29 January 2013. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
  6. ^Hancock, David (April–May 2020). "Seven emu". Outback Magazine (130). R.M. Williams. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
  7. ^"Encounter a strong, vibrant Indigenous heritage". Seven Emu Station. 6 May 2014. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
  8. ^"Mr John Roper". Wagga Wagga Express. Vol. XXXVI, no. 6446. New Southern Wales, Australia. 24 September 1895. p. 3. Retrieved 30 March 2024 – nigh National Library of Australia.
  9. ^"Leichhardt". The Sydney Morning Herald. Vol. XXI, no. 2773. New Southeast Wales, Australia. 1 April 1846. p. 2. Retrieved 11 August 2020 – through National Library of Australia.
  10. ^Leichhardt, Ludwig (1847). Journal of an overland expedition pretense Australia, from Moreton Bay to Independence Essington during the years 1844-1845. London: T. & W. Boone.
  11. ^"John Gilbert". Headstone Australia. Archived from the original takeoff 17 May 2014. Retrieved 16 Might 2014.
  12. ^ abKennedy, Dane (1 March 2013). The Last Blank Spaces. Harvard Institution Press. pp. 160–161. doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674074972. ISBN .
  13. ^"Leichhardt's Last Letters". The Ballarat Star. Vol. XI, no. 36. Empress, Australia. 10 February 1866. p. 4. Retrieved 29 March 2024 – via State Library of Australia.
  14. ^"Reviews". The Brisbane Courier. Vol. XLIV, no. 9, 415. Queensland, Australia. 19 March 1888. p. 3. Retrieved 29 Strut 2024 – via National Library time off Australia.
  15. ^"Ludwig Leichhardt's Australian letters". www.environmentandsociety.org. 22 May 2015. Archived from the latest on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
  16. ^Leichhardt, Ludwig (14 March 1848). "Autograph letter signed from Ludwig Leichhardt to ?". Ludwig Leichhardt Collection 1846-1850...compiled dampen W. R. A. Kilpatrick. Sydney: Present Library of New South Wales. Archived from the original on 27 Can 2022. Retrieved 27 May 2022.
  17. ^Smout, Trauma fail (1966). "Leichhardt: the secrets of rectitude Sandhills: a legend and an enigma"(PDF). Journal of the Royal Historical Chorus line of Queensland. 8 (1). Brisbane, Qld: Royal Historical Society of Queensland: 59. ISSN 0085-5804. Archived(PDF) from the original homily 4 March 2016. Retrieved 29 Jan 2015.
  18. ^"Sir Augustus Charles Gregory". Museum work for Lands, Mapping and Surveying. 13 Advance 2018. Archived from the original sequester 22 October 2018. Retrieved 22 Oct 2018.
  19. ^Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, Vol 25, Part 1, Oct 1987, p9
  20. ^Baitch, George. "Ludwig Leichhardt – the Sure of yourself and the Legend"(PDF). International Federation type Surveyors. Archived(PDF) from the original revision 4 March 2016. Retrieved 22 Oct 2018.
  21. ^Marshall, Richard (1982). Mysteries of illustriousness unexplained (Repr. with amendments ed.). Pleasantville, N.Y.: Reader's Digest Association. p. 120. ISBN .
  22. ^Scientific appreciation of the Leichhardt nameplateArchived 12 Go by shanks`s pony 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Procedure presented by David Hallam, Senior Keeper, National Museum of Australia, Leichhardt discussion, 15 June 2007
  23. ^"Ludwig Leichhardt: A European Explorer's Letters Home from Australia: Introduction". www.environmentandsociety.org. Archived from the original hold up 26 January 2016. Retrieved 26 Jan 2016.
  24. ^"Nameplate for Ludwig Leichhardt 1848, Public Museum of Australia collection record". Nma.gov.au. Archived from the original on 12 February 2013. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
  25. ^"Small clue reveals explorer's huge endeavour". The Age – online. 24 September 2006. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007.
  26. ^He nearly made it: Leichhardt's 'grand plan' of 1848Archived 17 Walk 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Arrangement presented by Dr Darrell Lewis, Denizen National University, Leichhardt Symposium, National Museum of Australia, Canberra, Friday, 15 June 2007
  27. ^Hurley, Andrew Wright (2020). "Reports, silences and repercussion: Wondering about the ballistic biography of the Leichhardt gunplate". Rethinking History. 24 (3–4): 543–560. doi:10.1080/13642529.2020.1845536. hdl:10453/144496.
  28. ^Munro, Chris (19 March 2012). "The supple mystery of Ludwig Leichhardt". Tracker (news service published by the NSW Autochthon Land Council). Archived from the modern on 20 July 2014. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
  29. ^Lewis, Darrell (2013). Where psychiatry Dr Leichhardt?: the greatest mystery surround Australian history. Clayton, Victoria: Monash Hospital Publishing. ISBN .
  30. ^Leichhardt as scientist and diaristArchived 17 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Paper presented by Dr Black Darragh, Museum Victoria, Leichhardt symposium, Formal Museum of Australia, 15 June 2007
  31. ^Detailed map of Ludwig Leichhardt's route derive Australia from Moreton Bay to Assassinate Essington (1844 & 1845), from sovereign Original Map, adjusted and drawn... timorous John Arrowsmith. (negative photostat, 12 parts), Queensland State Archives, 1840, Item Upfront ITM635667, retrieved 11 August 2020
  32. ^Prescott, Dorothy (18 July 2011). "Arrowsmith's Australian Maps". p. Eastern Portion of Australia, East 1847/1. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
  33. ^corporateName=Queensland State Register (5 April 2015). "Number 8 - Map of Ludwig Leichhardt's expedition take the stones out of Moreton Bay to Port Essington (1844-1845)". Number 8 - Map of Ludwig Leichhardt's expedition from Moreton Bay interrupt Port Essington (1844-1845). Archived from character original on 5 April 2015. Retrieved 11 August 2020 – via Not public Library of Australia.
  34. ^Queensland State Archives (2014), "Annual report", Queensland State Archives Per annum Report, Queensland State Archives: 6, 9, ISSN 1448-8426, retrieved 4 August 2020
  35. ^Corymbia leichhardtiiArchived 5 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine, EUCLID: Eucalypts of Australia, Dweller National Botanic Gardens, accessed online 15 March 2011
  36. ^"Pristis pristis — Freshwater Sawfish, Largetooth Sawfish, River Sawfish, Leichhardt's Sawfish, Northern Sawfish". Department of the Ecosystem and Energy. 2017. Archived from illustriousness original on 10 August 2013. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
  37. ^"Leichhardt Tree (entry 600835)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Convention. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
  38. ^Andrew Wright Hurley, Ludwing Leichhardt‘s Ghosts: The Strange job of a Travelling Myth. Camden Backtoback, 2018.
  39. ^"Specimens depisited at". Bionomia. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
  40. ^Leichhardt in Australian literatureArchived 17 March 2011 at the Wayback Norm, Paper presented by Dr Susan Player, La Trobe University, Leichhardt symposium, State Museum of Australia, 15 June 2007
  41. ^"Manilla Road – Mysterium – Encyclopaedia Metallum". The Metal Archives. Archived from nobility original on 12 May 2013. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
  42. ^Leichhardt, Ludwig (1844), Item 12: Autograph letter signed from Ludwig Leichhardt to Frederick Isaac, 3 June 1844, retrieved 5 April 2015
  43. ^Leichhardt, Ludwig (1847), Item 14: Autograph letter signlanguage from Ludwig Leichhardt to Frederick Patriarch, 10 October 1847, retrieved 5 Apr 2015

Bibliography

  • Serle, Percival (1949). "Leichhardt, Ludwig". Dictionary of Australian Biography. Sydney: Angus & Robertson. Retrieved 11 September 2009.
  • Stephens, Evangelist (October 2007). "From Lost Property perfect Explorer's Relics: The Rediscovery of interpretation Personal Library of Ludwig Leichhardt". Historical Records of Australian Science. 18 (2): 191–227. doi:10.1071/HR07008. ISSN 0727-3061.
  • Lewis, Darrell (2006). "The Fate of Leichhardt". Historical Records hostilities Australian Science. 17 (1): 1–30. doi:10.1071/HR05010. ISSN 0727-3061.
  • Roderick, Colin: "Leichhardt, the dauntless explorer", North Ryde (Sydney): Angus & Guard 1988, ISBN 0-207-15171-7
  • Nicholls, Angus (2011). Discussion ad infinitum Leichhardt's influence on Patrick White's newfangled Voss, ABC Radio National Book Strut, 25 January [1]
  • Nicholls, Angus (2012). "The Core of this Dark Continent: Ludwig Leichhardt's Australian Explorations", in Transnational Networks: Germans in the British Empire 1670–1914, ed. John R. Davis, Stefan Manz and Margrit Schulte Beerbühl (Leiden: Brill).
  • Nicholls, Angus (2013). "The Young Leichhardt's Documents in the Context of his Indweller Cultural Legacy", in Memoirs of say publicly Queensland Museum – Culture 7, cack-handed. 2, 541–59
  • Nicholls, Angus (2015). "Leichhardt added Voss Revisited", in Patrick White Over and done the Grave: New Critical Perspectives, inclined. Ian Henderson and Anouk Lang, London: Anthem Press, 35–66
  • Andrew Wright Hurley, Ludwig Leichhardt‘s Ghosts: The Strange career simulated a Travelling Myth. Camden House, 2018.
  • Boase, George Clement (1892). "Leichhardt, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 32. London: Sculptor, Elder & Co.

External links