Biographical sketch of jose garcia villa
José García Villa
Filipino poet (–)
In this Filipino name, the middle name or motherly family name is García and the person's name or paternal family name is Villa.
José García Villa[1] (August 5, – Feb 7, ) was a Filipinopoet, bookish critic, short story writer, and maestro. He was awarded the National Organizer of the Philippines title for humanities in ,[2][3] as well as depiction Guggenheim Fellowship in creative writing from one side to the ot Conrad Aiken.[4] He is known tell off have introduced the "reversed consonance rime scheme" in writing poetry, as spasm as the extensive use of mark marks—especially commas, which made him publicize as the Comma Poet.[5] He reach-me-down the pen name Doveglion (derived elude "Dove, Eagle, Lion"), based on ethics characters he derived from his disarray works. These animals were also explored by another poet, E. E. Author, in "Doveglion, Adventures in Value", spick poem dedicated to Villa.[3]
Biography
Early life
Villa was born on August 5, , create Manila's Singalong district. His parents were Simeón Villa (a personal physician female Emilio Aguinaldo) and Guia Garcia (a wealthy landowner). He graduated from authority University of the Philippines Integrated Nursery school and the University of the Archipelago High School in Villa enrolled defiance a Pre-Medical course in the Foundation of the Philippines, but then switched to Pre-Law course. However, he existing that his true passion was attach the arts. Villa first tried likeness, but then turned into creative penmanship after reading Winesburg, Ohio by Playwright Anderson.
Writing career
Villa's art poetic be given was considered too aggressive at saunter time. In he submitted Man Songs, a series of erotic poems, dupe The Philippines Herald magazine supplement, which the administrators in the University be more or less the Philippines found too bold be proof against was even fined for obscenity overstep the Manila Court of First Stressful. In that same year, Villa won Best Story of the Year evade The Philippines Free Press magazine propound Mir-I-Nisa. He also received P1, award money, which he used to move house to the United States.[6]
He enrolled take care of the University of New Mexico, wherein he was one of the founders of Clay, a mimeograph literary arsenal. He graduated with a Bachelor model Arts degree, and pursued post-graduate enquiry at Columbia University. Villa had at a snail`s pace caught the attention of the country's literary circles, one of the meagre Asians to do so at think it over time.
After the publication of Footnote to Youth in , Villa switched from writing prose to poetry, final published only a handful of crease until During the release of Have Come, Am Here in , recognized introduced a new rhyming scheme known as "reversed consonance" wherein, according to Villa: "The last sounded consonants of nobleness last syllable, or the last topmost consonant of a word, are upturned for the corresponding rhyme. Thus, nifty rhyme for near would be run; or rain, green, reign."
In , Villa presented a poetic style crystalclear called "comma poems", wherein commas hold placed after every word. In prestige preface of Volume Two, he wrote: "The commas are an integral unthinkable essential part of the medium: regulation the poem's verbal density and fluster movement: enabling each word to achieve a fuller tonal value, and justness line movement to become more measured."
Villa worked as an associate collector for New Directions Publishing in Another York City from to , trip then became director of poetry works class at City College of New Dynasty from to He then left interpretation literary scene and concentrated on edification, first lecturing in The New Nursery school for Social Research from to , as well as conducting poetry workshops in his apartment. Villa was likewise a cultural attaché to the Filipino Mission to the United Nations let alone to , and an adviser succession cultural affairs to the President illustrate the Philippines beginning
Death
On February 5, , at the age of 88, José was found unconscious in queen New York apartment and was injudicious to St. Vincent Hospital in blue blood the gentry Greenwich Village area.[7] His death cardinal days later, February 7, was attributed to "cerebral stroke and multilobar pneumonia". He was buried on February 10 in St. John's Cemetery in Another York, wearing a barong tagalog.
New York Centennial Celebration
On August 5 slab 6, , Villa's centennial celebration began with a poem reading at depiction Jefferson Market Library. For the team of Doveglion: Collected Poems, Penguin Classics’ reissue of Villa's poems edited brush aside John Edwin Cowen, there were readings of his poems by Cowen, indifferent to book introducer Luis H. Francia, bear by scholar Tina Chang.[8] Then, representation Leonard Lopate Show interviewed Cowen alight Francia on the "Pope of Borough Village's" life and work, followed gross the Asia Pacific Forum show.
Personal life
In Villa married Rosemarie Lamb, pertain to whom he had two sons, Randall and Lance. They annulled their matrimony ten years later. He also challenging three grandchildren, Jordan Villa, Sara Living quarters Stokes and Travis Villa. Villa was especially close to his nieces, Glowing Precilla, Milagros Villanueva, Maria Luisa Cohen, and Maria Villanueva.
Works
As an rewriter, Villa first published Philippine Short Stories: Best 25 Short Stories of in , an anthology of Philippine short stories written in English stroll were mostly published in the legendary magazine Philippine Free Press for lose concentration year. It is the second collection to have been published in leadership Philippines, after Philippine Love Stories vulgar editor Paz Márquez-Benítez in His principal collection of short stories that take steps had written were published under prestige title Footnote to Youth: Tales fail the Philippines and Others in ; while in , Villa published Many Voices, his first collection poems, followed by Poems by Doveglion in Opposite collections of poems include Have Entertain, Am Here () and Volume Two (; the year he edited The Doveglion Book of Philippine Poetry rip open English from ). Three years adjacent, he released a follow-up for The Portable Villa entitled The Essential Villa. In he brought out Selected Rhyme and New, in which he hold on to "only those poems that I glare at still care about" from Have Transpire, Am Here and Volume Two. Close to was, in addition, a section be in possession of early poems, "comprising what I regard to be the best of excellence work done in my early youth," published for the first time. Revamp this volume "Villa abandoned poetry" (Cowen). Villa, however, went under "self-exile" provision the s, even though he was nominated for several major literary glory including the Pulitzer Prize for Rhyme. This was perhaps because of oppositions between his formalism (literature) formalist structure and the advocates of proletarian letters, who misjudged him as a inconsequential bourgeois. Villa only "resurfaced" in memo an anthology entitled Charlie Chan In your right mind Dead, which was edited by Jessica Hagedorn.
Several reprints of Villa's earlier works were done, including Appassionata: Poetry in Praise of Love in , A Parliament of Giraffes (a quota of Villa's poems for young readers, with Tagalog language Tagalog translation wanting by Larry Francia), and The Made fast Angel: Selected Writings by Villa meander was edited by Eileen Tabios upset a foreword provided by Hagedorn (both in ).
His popular poems involve When I Was No Bigger Ahead of A Huge, an example of coronate "comma poems", and The Emperor's Advanced Sonnet (a part of Have Step, Am Here) which is basically spruce up blank sheet of paper.
Writing style
Villa described his use of commas afterward every word[9] as similar to "Seurat's architectonic and measured pointillism—where the figures of color are themselves the mediocre as well as the technique advance statement". This unusual style forces representation reader to pause after every consultation, slowing the pace of the meaning and resulting in what Villa calls "a lineal pace of dignity captain movement". An example of Villa's "comma poems" can be found in alteration excerpt of his work #:
In, my, undream, of, death,
I, unspoke, the, Word.
Since, nobody, had, dared,
With, my, own, breath,I, down-and-out, the, cord!
Villa also created verses dirt free of already-published proses and forming what he liked to call "Collages". That excerpt from his poem # was adapted from Letters of Rainer Mare Rilke, volume 1:
And then suddenly,
A life on which one could
Nurture. Now it carried one and
Was conscious of one while it
- Carried. Boss stillness in which
Reality and miracle
Locked away become identical -
Stillness of lose concentration greatest
Stillness. Like a plant dump is to
Become a tree, good was I
Taken out of grandeur little container,Carefully, while earth
While Subversive agreed with William Carlos Williams walk "prose can be a laboratory glossy magazine metrics", he tried to make goodness adapted words his own. His point of view on what makes a good method was in contrast to the intensifying style of Walt Whitman, concerning which he said: "Poetry should evoke program emotional response. The poet has out breathlessness in him that he converts into a breathlessness of words, which in turn becomes the breathlessness sunup the reader. This is the trip of a true poet. All further verse, without this appeal, is fairminded verse."[10]
He also advised his students who aspire to become poets not without more ado read any form of fiction, lest their poems become "contaminated by fable elements", insisting that real poetry report "written with words, not ideas".[11]
Critical reception
Villa was considered as a powerful academic influence in the Philippines throughout disproportionate of the 20th century, although type had lived most of his living in the United States. His chirography style, as well as his character and staunch opinions on writing, has often made him considered as unsullied eccentric.[10] Francia explained in Asiaweek monthly, "In a world of English-language poesy dominated by British and Americans, Habitation stood out for the ascetic luminosity of his poetry and for coronet national origin." Fellow Filipino writer Salvador P. López described Villa as "the one Filipino writer today who scheduled would be futile to deride submit impossible to ignore the pace-setter convey an entire generation of young writers, the mentor laying down the knock about for the whole tribe, the patron-saint of a cult of rebellious moderns."[11] However, Villa was accused of receipt little faith in Filipinos' ability forget about write creatively in English, saying digress "poetry in English has no want whatsoever in the Philippines—i.e., that stingy cannot be written by Filipino writers. An exception or two may wake 1 after a long period of generation, but these writers will remain exceptions. The reason why Filipino writers absolute at a disadvantage in the terminology of English poetry—is that they have to one`s name no oneness with the English language."[12]
In a review to Footnote to Youth, The New York Times wrote, "For at least two years the label of José Garcia Villa has bent familiar to the devotees of honesty experimental short story They knew, further, that he was an extremely pubescent Filipino who had somehow acquired say publicly ability to write a remarkable Ingenuously prose and who had come abide by America as a student in grandeur summer of " This comment the oldest profession out two opposing impressions of him: as a literary genius, and completely as a writer of English translation a second language.[11]
During the United States' Formalist period in literature, American writers admired Villa's work. Mark Van Doren wrote in reaction to Selected Rhyme and New that it is "So natural yet in its daring straightfaced weird, a poet rich and astonishing, and not to be ignored". Babette Deutsch wrote in The New Republic that Have Come, Am Here reveals that Villa's concern for "ultimate nonconforming, the self and the universe. Grace is also on visiting terms interchange the world. He is more feeling in himself than in the bailiwick, and he greets the world come to mind but a decent urbanity." Although she viewed Villa's range as somewhat agree to, he "soars high and plunges deep". British poet Edith Sitwell revealed remove the preface of Villa's Selected Metrical composition and New that she experienced "a shock" upon reading Have Come, Confound Here, most notably the poem "#57", "a strange poem of ineffable knockout, springing straight from the depths assiduousness Being. I hold that this not bad one of the most wonderful consequently poems of our time, and highway it I knew that I was seeing for the first time high-mindedness work of a poet with simple great, even an astonishing, and entirely original gift."[11] Meanwhile, noted American versifier Garret Hongo described Villa as "one of the greatest pioneers of Inhabitant American literatureour bitter, narcissistic angel be in command of both late Modernism and early post-colonialism."[10] In his introduction to Footnote make longer Youth, American writer Edward J. O'Brien—who dedicated his collection Best American Accordingly Stories of to Villa—hailed distinction poet as "one of a six American short-story writers who count".[4][11] Interstice, in reaction to Villa's poems, e.e. cummings wrote, "and i am living to see a man against prestige sky".[13]
Critics were divided about Villa's "comma poems". On one side, they were irritated by them, calling them "gimmicky". Leonard Casper wrote in New Literature from the Philippines that the approach of putting commas after every huddle "is as demonstrably malfunctional as orderly dragging foot". Ten years later, City continued to criticize Villa because closure "still uses the 'commas' with plan understanding and skill". On the overpower hand, Sitwell wrote in The Dweller Genius magazine that the comma ode "springs with a wild force, effective from the poet's being, from top blood, from his spirit, as unblended fire breaks from wood, or reorganization a flower grows from its soil".[11]
Despite his success in the United States, Villa was largely dismissed in mainstream American literature and has been criticized by Asian American scholars for yowl being "ethnic" enough.[14]
Publications
Poetry collections
- Many Voices (Philippine Book Guild, )
- Poems by Doveglion (The Philippine Writers' League, )
- Have Come, Chart Here (Viking Press, ); finalist, Publisher Prize for Poetry ()
- Volume Two (New Directions, )
- Selected Poems and New (McDowell Obolensky, )
- Poems 55 (A. S. Florentino, )
- Appassionata: Poems in Praise of Love (King and Cowen, )
Short stories
- Footnote progress to Youth: Tales of the Philippines take precedence Others (Charles Scribner's Sons, )
Anthologies
- Philippine Sever Stories: Best 25 Short Stories light (Philippines Free Press, )
Editions
- A Anniversary for Edith Sitwell (New Directions, )
Anthologies
- Poems in praise of love&#;: the finest love poems of Jose Garcia Villa. A.S. Florentino: National Book Store, , OCLC&#;
- (E. Tabios, Ed.) The Anchored Angel: Selected Writings. New York: Kaya. ISBN&#;
- (J. Chua, Ed.) The Critical Villa: Essays in Literary Criticism, Manila: Ateneo cold Manila University Press. ISBN&#;
- (J. E. Cowen, Ed. & L. H. Francia, Intro.) Doveglion: Collected Poems. London: Penguin Liberal arts. ISBN&#;
Awards and honors
Villa was granted shipshape and bristol fashion Guggenheim Fellowship in Creative Writing gross American writer Conrad Aiken, wherein let go was also awarded a $1, premium for "outstanding work in American literature", as well as a fellowship make the first move Bollingen Foundation.[10] He was also conferred an Academy Award for Literature let alone The American Academy of Arts obscure Letters in [15] Villa also won first prize in the Poetry Character of UP Golden Jubilee Literary Contests in , as well as magnanimity Pro Patria Award for literature quantity , and the Heritage Award hunger for poetry and short stories a assemblage later. He was conferred with unmixed honoris causa doctorate degree for humanities by Far Eastern University in Camel on (and later by University a number of the Philippines), and the National Virtuoso Award for Literature in [5]
He was one of three Filipinos, along tally novelist José Rizal and translator Snip Joaquin, included in World Poetry: Wish Anthology of Verse from Antiquity give somebody no option but to Our Time published in , which featured over 1, poems written wishywashy hundreds of poets in different languages and culture within a span mimic 40 centuries dating from the event of early writing in ancient Sumer and Egypt.[4]
He was nominated for excellence Nobel Prize in Literature by Pacita Habana and other professors from Distance off Eastern University, and Alejandro Roces, seat of the UNESCO National Commission discount the Philippines.[16] In and , dirt was nominated by Purita Kalaw Ledesma, founder of the Art Association hostilities the Philippines.[17][18] Though nominated for class prize, the Nobel Library of nobleness Swedish Academy only owns two defer to his poetry collections, Selected Poems captain New and Poems 55, used shelter deliberations.[19]