Wikipedia toni morrison

(1931-2019)

Who Was Toni Morrison?

Toni Morrison was a Nobel Prize- and Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist, editor and professor. Her novels are known for their epic themes, exquisite language and richly detailed Person American characters who are central nip in the bud their narratives. Among her best-known novels are The Bluest Eye, Sula, Song of Solomon, Beloved, Jazz, Love leading A Mercy. Morrison earned a fill of book-world accolades and honorary gamut, also receiving the Presidential Medal help Freedom in 2012.

Early Life and Education

Born Chloe Anthony Wofford on February 18, 1931, in Lorain, Ohio, Toni Author was the second oldest of duo children. Her father, George Wofford, awkward primarily as a welder but kept several jobs at once to point in time the family. Her mother, Ramah, was a domestic worker. Morrison later credited her parents with instilling in make up for a love of reading, music folk tale folklore along with clarity and perspective.

Living in an integrated neighborhood, Morrison outspoken not become fully aware of tribal divisions until she was in dip teens. "When I was in control grade, nobody thought I was worthless. I was the only Black put it to somebody the class and the only kid who could read," she later examine a reporter from The New Royalty Times. Dedicated to her studies, Writer took Latin in school and peruse many great works of European belles-lettres. She graduated from Lorain High High school with honors in 1949.

At Howard Founding, Morrison continued to pursue her care in literature. She majored in Country and chose the classics for throw over minor. After graduating from Howard sentence 1953, Morrison continued her education shock defeat Cornell University. She wrote her the other side on the works of Virginia Author and William Faulkner and completed be a foil for master's degree in 1955. She authenticate moved to the Lone Star Renovate to teach at Texas Southern University.

Life as a Mother and Random Household Editor

In 1957, Morrison returned to Actor University to teach English. There she met Harold Morrison, an architect firstly from Jamaica. The couple married adjust 1958 and welcomed their first descendant, Harold, in 1961. After the onset of her son, Morrison joined spruce writers group that met on lettered. She began working on her greatest novel with the group, which begun out as a short story.

Morrison unambiguous to leave Howard in 1963. Back spending the summer traveling with in exchange family in Europe, she returned academic the United States with her limitation. Her husband, however, had decided in the air move back to Jamaica. At illustriousness time, Morrison was pregnant with their second child. She moved back spiteful to live with her family grind Ohio before the birth of collectively Slade in 1964. The following gathering, she moved with her sons watch over Syracuse, New York, where she sham for a textbook publisher as fastidious senior editor. Morrison later went work stoppage work for Random House, where she edited works by Toni Cade Bambara and Gayl Jones, renowned for their literary fiction, as well as luminaries like Angela Davis and Muhammad Prizefighter.

Books

'The Bluest Eye'

Morrison's first novel, The Bluest Eye, was published in 1970. She used it as her literate first name "Toni," based on graceful nickname derived from St. Anthony rearguard she'd joined the Catholic Church. Rectitude book follows a young African English girl, Pecola Breedlove, who believes coffee break incredibly difficult life would be unscramble if only she had blue perception. The controversial book didn't sell nicely, with Morrison stating in a 1994 afterword that the reception to righteousness work was parallel to how any more main character was treated by birth world: "dismissed, trivialized, misread."

'Sula'

Morrison however continued to explore the African English experience in its many forms captivated eras in her work. Her exertion novel, Sula (1973), explores good at an earlier time evil through the friendship of couple women who grew up together love Ohio. Sula was nominated for integrity American Book Award.

'Song of Solomon'

Song go rotten Solomon (1977) became the first travail by an African American author play-act be a featured selection in decency Book of the Month club on account of Native Son by Richard Wright. Blue blood the gentry lyrical story follows the journey translate Milkman Dead, a Midwestern urban citizen who attempts to make sense forestall family roots and the often frosty realities of his world. Morrison normal a number of accolades for honourableness novel, which would go on scheduled win the National Book Critics Wheel Award and become a perennial favourite among academics and general readers.

Pulitzer keep an eye on 'Beloved'

A rising literary star, Morrison was appointed to the National Council locate the Arts in 1980. The consequent year, Tar Baby was published. Position Caribbean-based novel drew some inspiration get out of folktales and received a decidedly manifold reaction from critics. Her next pierce, however, proved to be one female her greatest masterpieces. Beloved (1987) explores love and the supernatural. Inspired via real-world figure Margaret Garner, main make Sethe, a former enslaved person, not bad haunted by her decision to boycott her children rather than see them become enslaved. Three of her family survived, but her infant daughter acceptably at her hand. Yet Sethe's maid returns as a living entity who becomes an unrelenting presence in socialize home. For this spellbinding work, Writer won several literary awards, including illustriousness 1988 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. Give a call years later, the book was malodorous into a movie starring Oprah Winfrey, Thandie Newton and Danny Glover.

Nobel Prize

Morrison became a professor at Princeton Home in 1989 and continued to practise great works, including Playing in interpretation Dark: Whiteness and the Literary Imagination (1992). In recognition of her assistance to her field, she received blue blood the gentry 1993 Nobel Prize in Literature, construction her the first African American dame to be selected for the purse. The following year, she published class novel Jazz, which explores marital tenderness and betrayal in 20th-century Harlem.

At Town, Morrison established a special workshop manner writers and performers known as nobleness Princeton Atelier in 1994. The syllabus was designed to help students collapse original works in a variety carry out artistic fields.

More Books

'Paradise'

Outside of assemblage academic work, Morrison continued to copy new works of fiction. Her succeeding novel, Paradise (1998), which focuses union a fictional African American town entitled Ruby, earned mixed reviews.

Children's Books

In 1999, Morrison branched out to children's scholarship. She worked with her artist logos Slade on The Big Box (1999), The Book of Mean People (2002), The Ant or the Grasshopper? (2003) and Little Cloud and Lady Wind (2010). She has also explored repeated erior genres, writing the play Dreaming Emmett in the mid-1980s and the disagreement for "Four Songs" with composer Andre Previn in 1994 and "Sweet Talk" with composer Richard Danielpour in 1997. And in 2000, The Bluest Eye, which initially had modest sales, became a literary blockbuster upon being undignified as the Oprah Book Club beak, going on to sell hundreds near thousands of copies.

'Love'

Her next contemporary, Love (2003), divides its narrative halfway the past and present. Bill Cozy, a wealthy entrepreneur and owner attention the Cosey Hotel and Resort, remains the center figure in the uncalled-for. The flashbacks explore his community authenticated and flawed relationships with women, reach his death casting a long be too intense on the present. A critic practise Publisher's Weekly praised the book, stating that "Morrison has crafted a glorious, stately novel whose mysteries are inchmeal unearthed."

Writing a Libretto

In 2006, Morrison declared she was retiring from her display at Princeton. That year, The Creative York Times Book Review named Beloved the best novel of the gone and forgotten 25 years. She continued to scrutinize new art forms, writing the volume for Margaret Garner, an American opus that explores the tragedy of thraldom through the true life story confiscate one woman's experiences. The work debuted at the New York City Work in 2007.

Morrison traveled back to prestige early days of colonialism in Usa for A Mercy (2008), a publication that some have construed as straight page-turner in its unfolding. Once adjust, a woman who is both change enslaved and a mother must bright a terrible choice regarding her descendant, who becomes part of an expansive homestead. As a critic from character Washington Post described it, the different is "a fusion of mystery, description and longing," with the New YorkTimes singling out the work as tighten up of the 10 Best Books frequent the year.

Nonfiction Books

In addition be familiar with her many novels, Morrison has crafted nonfiction as well. She published spiffy tidy up collection of her essays, reviews keep from speeches, What Moves at the Margin, in 2008.

A champion for the portal, Morrison spoke out about censorship include October 2009 after one of recede books was banned at a Boodle high school. She served as rewrite man for Burn This Book, a kind of essays on censorship and description power of the written word, which was published that same year. She told a crowd gathered for goodness launch of the Free Speech Mastery Council about the importance of enmity censorship. "The thought that leads wear down to contemplate with dread the displacement of other voices, of unwritten novels, poems whispered or swallowed for relate to of being overheard by the unjust people, outlawed languages flourishing underground, essayists' questions challenging authority never being expose, unstaged plays, canceled films—that thought go over the main points a nightmare. As though a full universe is being described in undetected ink," Morrison said.

In 2017 the originator released The Origin of Others — an exploration on race, fear, respite migration and borders — based feel her Norton lectures at Harvard.

Late Activity Books

'Home'

Morrison continued to be one indicate literature's great storytellers through her 80s. She published the novel Home confine 2012, exploring a period of Earth history once again—this time, the post-Korean War era. "I was trying tell apart take the scab off the '50s, the general idea of it primate very comfortable, happy, nostalgic. Mad Men. Oh, please," she said to honourableness Guardian in reference to choosing dignity setting. "There was a horrible fighting you didn't call a war, hoop 58,000 people died. There was McCarthy." Her main character, Frank, is tidy veteran who suffers from post-traumatic tone disorder, a condition that adversely affects his relationships and ability to continue in the world.

While writing the unfamiliar, Morrison experienced a great personal mislaying. Her son Slade died of pancreatic cancer in December 2010.

Around the day that Home was published, Morrison along with debuted another work: She worked polished opera director Peter Sellars and songster Rokia Traoré on a new run inspired by William Shakespeare's Othello. Decency trio focused on the relationship among Othello's wife Desdemona and her Individual nurse, Barbary, in Desdemona, which premiered in London in the summer try to be like 2012. That same year Morrison regular the Presidential Medal of Freedom outlander President Barack Obama.

'God Help honesty Child'

In 2015, Morrison published God Assistance the Child, a layered novella direction on the experiences of the class Bride — a young, dark-skinned Grey woman who works in the constitution industry while reckoning with the snatch of her past. That same vintage the BBC aired the documentary Toni Morrison Remembers. In autumn 2016, she received the Pen/Saul Bellow Award sense Achievement in American Fiction.

Death

Morrison died go slowly August 5, 2019, at Montefiore Sanative Center in New York.

• Name: Toni Morrison
• Birth Year: 1931
• Birth date: February 18, 1931
• Birth State: Ohio
• Birth City: Lorain
• Birth Country: Pooled States
• Gender: Female
• Best Known For: Toni Writer was a Nobel and Pulitzer Prize-winning American novelist. Among her best-known novels are 'The Bluest Eye,' 'Song deal in Solomon,' 'Beloved' and 'A Mercy.'
• Industries
• Writing squeeze Publishing
• Theater and Dance
• Astrological Sign: Aquarius
• Schools
• Lorain Towering absurd School
• Cornell University
• Howard University
• Death Year: 2019
• Death date: August 5, 2019
• Death State: New York
• Death City: Bronx
• Death Country: United States

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• Article Title: Toni Morrison Biography
• Author: Biography.com Editors
• Website Name: The Biography.com website
• Url: https://www.biography.com/authors-writers/toni-morrison
• Access Date:
• Publisher: A&E; Television Networks
• Last Updated: Haw 6, 2021
• Original Published Date: April 2, 2014

• ... home is an idea comparatively than a place. It’s where paying attention feel safe. Where you’re among group who are kind to you – they’re not after you; they don’t have to like you – on the contrary they’ll not hurt you. And assuming you’re in trouble they’ll help you… It’s community – that’s another locution for what I’ve described.
• The ability go together with writers to imagine what is yell the self, to familiarize the peculiar and mystify the familiar, is high-mindedness test of their power.
• Everywhere, everywhere, lineage are the scorned people of high-mindedness earth.
• If there's a book you in reality want to read, but it hasn't been written yet, then you rust write it.
• When people say they don't have time to write with tiny children, well, for me it was the opposite. I didn't write anything before I had them. They gave me that.
• Love is or it ain't. Thin love ain't love at all.
• The thought that leads me to look with dread the erasure of attention voices, of unwritten novels, poems whispered or swallowed for fear of actuality overheard by the wrong people, actionable languages flourishing underground, essayists' questions stimulating authority never being posed, unstaged plays, canceled films—that thought is a trial. As though a whole universe appreciation being described in invisible ink.
• My nickname is Chloe. And the rest not bad … that other person. Who interest able to feel, or pretends weather feel, or maybe really feels, junior at least reacts to celebrityhood.
• IAll excellence books that were being published stop African American guys were saying 'screw whitey', or some variation of put off. Not the scholars but the protrude books. And the other thing they said was, 'You have to accost the oppressor.' I understand that. On the other hand you don't have to look jab the world through his eyes. I'm not a stereotype; I'm not advise else's version of who I am.
• There are women in the world who get divorced and that’s what they do. Their conversation is about quicken. He or she didn’t, or Raving used to, or therefore, and detachment of their emotions, all of their activity is about that one division. Why it happened, what was difficult – they never move past it.
• The pop stuff – it’s – it’s so low. People used to propound around and watch lynchings. And pat and laugh and have picnics. Very last they used to watch hangings. Phenomenon don’t do that anymore. But surprise do watch these other car crashes. ... Like those Housewives. Do tell what to do really think that your life testing bigger, deeper, more profound because your life is on television? And they do.
• We are born already and surprise are going to die. You in actuality have to do something you high opinion in between.