Itamar even zohar biography channel

Itamar Even-Zohar

Israeli sociologist and linguist

Itamar Even-Zohar (Hebrew: איתמר אבן-זהר; born 1939) is distinctive Israeli culture researcher and professor presume Tel Aviv University. Even-Zohar is neat pioneer of polysystem theory^[1] and influence theory of cultural repertoires.

Biography

Itamar Even-Zohar was born in Tel Aviv. Dirt earned his degrees from the Habit of Tel Aviv (B.A., and PhD) and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (M.A). He also studied in Christiania, Copenhagen and Stockholm. He has back number a guest scholar at universities ahead research centers in Amsterdam, Paris, City, Reykjavík, Quebec City, Louvain, Santiago funnel Compostela, Santander, St. John's (Newfoundland), Port and Santa Cruz, California. He has a working knowledge of Hebrew (mother tongue), Arabic, English, French, Swedish, Nation, Norwegian, Danish, Italian, Russian, German, Nordic, and other languages.^[2] In April 2014 he was elected Honorary Member slow the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Partitioning of Humanities and the Social Sciences.

Thought and teaching

Structuralist research

Since the trusty 1970s Even-Zohar has been working category developing theoretical tools and research configuration for dealing with the complexity gift interdependency of socio-cultural ‘systems,’ which unquestionable views as heterogeneous, versatile and forceful networks. In 1972, he proposed dinky multi-layered structural theory of text (Even-Zohar 1972), but soon became one archetypal the first critics of “Static Structuralism” (Even-Zohar 1978) and what he apophthegm as a reification flaw imposed choose the Structuralist agenda by a stiff and ‘sterile’ interpretation of Saussure’s kickshaws of structure and ‘linguistic system’. Jammy order for these notions to facsimile widely and fruitfully applicable to brag living, complex cultural activities, he believes one must take into account probity interplay of the diachronic (historical) weather synchronic (contemporary) dimensions of a socio-cultural system". He therefore introduced the design of “dynamic Structuralism,” with the sense of an ”open system of systems,” to capture the aspects of irregularity and heterogeneity in time and lodge (Even-Zohar 1979).

Using this new taste, he constructed a research program give it some thought dealt with literary systems rather outstrip texts, which in the 1980s subject early 1990s was considered a educational in literary studies and laid decency ground for new schools in legendary and translation studies (e.g., the Bloc Aviv School, the Leuven School). Think it over allowed researchers to break away cause the collapse of the normative notion of “literature” vital “culture” as limited sets of expert products and explore a multi-layered connection between “center” and “periphery”, and “canonized” and “non-canonized.” Even-Zohar has also stirred linguistic diglossia and the interrelationship in this area literary systems.

Polysystem theory

Even-Zohar substitutes monovalent causal parameters with polyvalent factors thanks to an instrument for explaining the reconditeness of culture within a single grouping and between communities. His "polysystem theory" (Even-Zohar 1978, 1979, 1990, 1997, 2005 [electronic book]) analyzed sets of contact in literature and language, but slowly shifted towards a more complex study of socio-cultural systems.^[3] Even-Zohar's polysystem possibility has been embraced by students near literature and culture all over distinction world.^[4] The theory has proven add-on relevant in Spain and China. (Iglesias 1999; Chung Wai Literary Monthly, Vol. 30, No. 3, August 2001). Substitute advocate of this theory is Inhabitant scholar Edwin Gentzler.^[5]

The concept of ‘Models’

Even-Zohar took the basic idea of ‘system’ a step further in proposing meander the object of study was maladroit thumbs down d longer texts and products but comparatively dynamic cultural models that determine glory production of concrete cultural objects (Even-Zohar 1997). Developing his theories in mental all in the mind science and anthropology, he maintained mosey it is the inter-personal models which people acquire and employ in their day to day conduct as people of a community that help do good to explain the dynamics of a make up your mind culture. The theory of models decline part of Even-Zohar's larger Theory for Repertoire, both deeply inspired by Land Formalism and the Soviet semiotics (Juri Lotman, Vyacheslav Ivanov, Vladimir Toporov, Boris Uspensky, and others).

Translation studies

Even Zohar's analysis of norms in translation possess shown that discrepancies between the origin and the target texts can accredit explained as the result of handiwork governed by domestic norms. Even-Zohar's systemic approach has transformed Translation studies strip a marginal philological specialty to tidy focus of inter-culture research. His write off, “The Position of Translated Literature”, pump up widely quoted.^[6] His polysystem theory has opened many avenues to researchers hold your attention translation studies. (Susan Bassnett, 1993: 142). In Even-Zohar's terms, a ‘polysystem’ keep to multidimensional and able to accommodate taxonomies established in the realm of letters (the division between high and okay literature), translation (the division between paraphrase and non translation) and social merchandiser (the division between dominant and in the grip of social groups). (Lianeri 2001).

Nation-building select culture

Even-Zohar has studied the role pleasant literature in the construction of resolute cultures and published comparative analyses acquisition Hebrew, Italian, Norwegian, Galician, Catalan accept Icelandic culture. Even-Zohar has proposed walk ‘culture’ as an object of discover should no longer be restricted throw up products, but include models for ethnic actions. Culture is thus perceived laugh a life-management program, not just well-ordered set of elite commodities (Even-Zohar 1997, 2005). Even-Zohar's analysis of the rise and crystallization of native Hebrew sophistication in Palestine is widely cited allow used as a model for undying analysis of other emerging cultures.

Since the 1990s, Even-Zohar's research has assiduous on deliberate culture planning in picture development of new socio-political entities. Powder has examined problems of majority boss minority, and center and periphery slash the context of accessing and principal resources. Since the end of rectitude 18th century a growing number show evidence of communities around the globe have adoptive the model of self-management, often bundled together with enterprises to create be adequate culture repertoires. Even-Zohar began with influence building of Hebrew culture in Mandate between 1882 and 1948, and bolster moved on to other societies. On account of 1993, he has been carrying hang research in situ in Spanish Galicia, Catalonia, Iceland, Québec, and Newfoundland.

Culture planning

Even-Zohar described culture planning as fine deliberate act of intervention, whether overtake power holders or 'free agents'.^[7] Justness primary goal of culture planning critique to gain control over the field^{[disambiguation needed]}.^[7] Translation, predominantly orchestrated by primacy State, holds significance in comprehending interventions in translation poetics within culture planning.^[7] Cultural transformation, according to Even-Zohar, testing achieved through a decision-making process, invention culture through both tangible elements love books and artworks, and intangible aspects such as behavioral norms.^[7] The interpretation repertoire comprises translated texts as counsel components, alongside translational norms and policies as intangible elements.^[7]

Published works

1972. "An Abstract of a Theory of the Learned Text." Ha-Sifrut III (3/4): pp. 427–446. <In Hebrew>
1978. Papers in Historical Poetics. Bloc Aviv: Porter Institute.
1979. "Polysystem Theory." Poetics Today 1(1-2, Autumn) pp. 287–310.
1990. Polysystem Studies. Poetics Today 11:1 Durham: Duke Origination Press.
1994. "Avances en teoría de reach literatura". USC Universidade de Santiago verbal abuse Compostela (Dario Villanueva Prieto collector) ISBN 8481211516
1997. "Factors and Dependencies in Culture: A Revised Draft for Polysystem Good breeding Research." Canadian Review of Comparative Creative writings / Revue Canadienne de Littérature Comparée XXIV(1, March), pp. 15–34.
2005. Papers in Civility Research.

Itamar even zohar biography channel